The Difference Between a Colonoscopy and Virtual Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy vs Virtual Colonoscopy

While both procedures aim to detect abnormalities in the colon, they differ in how they are performed, preparation needed and the patient experience.

What Is a Colonoscopy?

A traditional colonoscopy is a procedure where a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the entire colon. The procedure allows doctors to identify and remove polyps, take biopsies and detect other abnormalities.

What Is a Virtual Colonoscopy?

A virtual colonoscopy is a less invasive procedure that uses CT scans to produce images of the colon and rectum. Unlike a traditional colonoscopy, no camera is inserted into the body. Instead, air is pumped into the colon to expand it, allowing for better imaging. While this method is less invasive, it does not allow for polyp removal or biopsies during the procedure.

Reasons for the Procedures:

The primary reason for getting either a colonoscopy or virtual colonoscopy is that screening is critical for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, these procedures can also be used to:

• Investigate symptoms such as unexplained changes in bowel habits, chronic abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and unexpected weight loss
• Provide early screening for individuals at higher risk for colorectal cancer, such as those with a family history of the disease or certain genetic conditions
• Monitor patients who have had polyps removed in the past or who have a history of inflammatory bowel disease

Risks of a Colonoscopy or Virtual Colonoscopy

While both procedures are generally safe, they do carry some risk. Risks associated with a traditional colonoscopy include bleeding, infection, and in rare cases, a tear in the colon wall (perforation). The sedation used during the procedure also carries its own risks, particularly in older adults or those with other health conditions.

A virtual colonoscopy has less risk of immediate complications because it is non-invasive. However, it does involve exposure to a low level of radiation, which could be a concern for patients who require frequent imaging tests.

What are the Benefits of a Virtual Colonoscopy?

• No Sedation Needed: Because no instruments are inserted into the colon, there is no need for sedation. This is appealing to those who may be anxious about a traditional colonoscopy and those who have health conditions that make sedation risky.
• Shorter Recovery Time: Patients can resume normal activities almost immediately after the procedure.
• Ideal for Complex Cases: Virtual colonoscopy is often a good option for those with previous surgeries or conditions that make a traditional colonoscopy difficult or risky.

It’s important to note that since a virtual colonoscopy cannot remove polyps or take biopsies, any findings will need to be evaluated with a follow-up traditional colonoscopy.

Preparing for the Procedures

Preparation for both types of colonoscopies involves cleaning out the colon to ensure that the doctor or imaging equipment can get a clear view. This typically requires a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure and taking a prescribed laxative to empty the colon. Adequate preparation is crucial, as any remaining stool in the colon can obscure the view and reduce the accuracy of the results.

If you’re having a traditional colonoscopy, you’ll need to arrange for someone to drive you home afterward because the sedation can leave you drowsy. If you’re having a virtual colonoscopy, you can usually go back to your normal routine right after the procedure.

Results of Your Colonoscopy

The results of your colonoscopy will determine the next steps in your healthcare plan. If polyps or other abnormalities are found during a traditional colonoscopy, they are usually removed or biopsied immediately, and you’ll be informed of the results within a few days. If the results are clear, your doctor may recommend a follow-up colonoscopy in 5–10 years, depending on your risk factors.

With a virtual colonoscopy, the images are reviewed by a radiologist, and the results are typically available within a few days. If the scan reveals any suspicious areas, you’ll need to undergo a traditional colonoscopy for further examination and possible removal of polyps.

Have questions or interested in a virtual colonoscopy? Contact DRI at 336.433.5000.